Which financial statement shows a company’s financial position at a specific point in time?

The balance sheet is the financial statement that provides a snapshot of a company's financial position at a specific point in time. It includes key components such as assets, liabilities, and equity, which together present a clear picture of what the company owns and owes. The balance sheet adheres to the accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Equity, ensuring that the financial position is balanced.

This statement is unique among the options because it reflects the financial status as of a specific date, while the income statement and cash flow statement cover a period of time— detailing performance over quarters or years. The statement of retained earnings, although it can indicate changes in equity, is generally derived from other statements and does not itself portray a company's complete financial position. Thus, the balance sheet is indispensable for stakeholders to assess liquidity, financial stability, and investment potential at a specific moment.