What is the main difference between cash basis and accrual basis accounting?

The primary distinction between cash basis and accrual basis accounting lies in the timing of when revenues and expenses are recognized. Cash basis accounting records revenue only when cash is actually received, which means that transactions are recorded only when cash changes hands. This approach provides a clear picture of cash flow at any given moment, but it can obscure the overall financial position of a business because it does not account for revenues earned or expenses incurred that have yet to be settled in cash.

In contrast, accrual basis accounting recognizes revenues when they are earned, generally when the goods or services are delivered, regardless of when the cash is collected. Similarly, expenses are recognized when they are incurred rather than when cash payments are made. This method offers a more comprehensive view of a company's financial health, as it aligns revenue with the expenses incurred in generating that revenue.

The correct understanding emphasizes that cash basis accounting's hallmark is its focus on actual cash exchanges, which is why option C accurately captures the essence of this accounting method.